What does the term genotype refer to?

The term genotype refers to the genetic constitution inherited from parents. It represents the specific alleles and genetic information an individual carries for particular traits, regardless of whether those traits are outwardly expressed or not. This genetic makeup serves as the blueprint for the development and functioning of an organism. Understanding genotype is crucial in the field of biology and psychology, as it establishes the foundation of genetic predispositions and how they may influence behavior and mental processes, though they are also shaped by environmental factors.

Observable characteristics are linked to the phenotype, which is influenced by both the genotype and the environment. The environmental influences themselves are distinct from genetic factors and do not relate directly to the genotype. Similarly, physical traits that express in an organism are also aspects of the phenotype, not the genotype. Thus, recognizing that genotype is specifically about the inherited genetic information clarifies its distinction from observable traits and environmental impacts.