What is an action potential?

An action potential is best described as a temporary reversal of electrical polarization across a neuron's membrane. When a neuron is stimulated sufficiently, there is a rapid change in membrane potential that travels along the axon, which is the part of the neuron responsible for transmitting electrical signals. This process involves the rapid influx of sodium ions followed by the efflux of potassium ions, leading to the depolarization and subsequent repolarization of the membrane.

This phenomenon is critical for communication between neurons, as it enables signals to move quickly along the axon and reach other neurons and target tissues. Understanding action potentials is fundamental in the field of biopsychology, as they are essential for the functioning of the nervous system.