What is the main purpose of electroencephalography (EEG)?

Electroencephalography (EEG) primarily functions to assess brain function by recording electrical activity in the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. This technique is particularly valuable in diagnosing neurological conditions, most notably epilepsy, as it can detect abnormal brain wave patterns that indicate seizures. By analyzing these electrical signals, healthcare professionals can gain insights into various states of brain function, such as sleep patterns, cognitive processes, and the presence of specific disorders. Thus, the main purpose of EEG as an investigative tool is deeply rooted in understanding how the brain operates and identifying any anomalies in its activity, making it essential for conditions like epilepsy, where timely diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.