What is the role of neurotransmitters during synaptic transmission?

During synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters play a crucial role in facilitating communication between neurons. When an electrical signal, or action potential, reaches the end of a neuron (the presynaptic terminal), it triggers the release of neurotransmitters from vesicles into the synaptic cleft, the small gap between neurons. These neurotransmitters then bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which can lead to the generation of a new electrical signal in that neuron.

This process is fundamental for sending signals throughout the nervous system, thus enabling various functions such as muscle movement, mood regulation, and thought processes. The binding of neurotransmitters to receptors doesn’t just transmit a direct electrical signal or simply amplify it; rather, it allows for the transmission of chemical signals that influence the activity of the receiving neuron.

The other options do not accurately reflect the role of neurotransmitters. They do not carry an electrical signal directly nor store impulses for later use; rather, they are involved specifically in the chemical transfer of information from one neuron to another through synapses.