What neurological effect does physical exercise promote?

Physical exercise promotes neurogenesis, which is the process of generating new neurons in the brain. This is particularly significant in the hippocampus, a region associated with learning and memory. Regular physical activity has been shown to increase the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports neuron survival and growth, thereby fostering the development of new neurons and strengthening existing ones.

Neurogenesis is crucial for cognitive functions and has been linked to improvements in mood, reduction of anxiety, and enhanced memory formation. The overall impact of exercise on brain health reflects a complex interplay between physical activity, neurotrophic factors, and improved blood flow, leading to a healthier and more adaptive brain structure.

In contrast, decreased neural connectivity, enhanced synaptic pruning, and inhibition of synaptic function do not reflect the benefits of physical exercise. These processes generally relate to negative outcomes for brain health, such as cognitive decline or impairment, rather than the supportive and regenerative effects that exercise has.