Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland that can affect other endocrine glands?

The hormone released by the pituitary gland that can affect other endocrine glands is growth hormone. Growth hormone, or GH, plays a pivotal role in growth, metabolism, and cellular regeneration. It stimulates growth in various tissues, including bones, and it can also influence the function of other endocrine glands.

Specifically, growth hormone promotes the secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from the liver, which mediates many of the growth-promoting effects of GH. Additionally, it regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, impacting how other hormones function.

In contrast, adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands and is primarily involved in the body's fight-or-flight response, not directly influencing other endocrine glands. Insulin is secreted by the pancreas and primarily regulates blood sugar levels rather than impacting other glands. Thyroxine (T4) is produced by the thyroid gland and regulates metabolism but does not serve as a hormone from the pituitary gland that influences other glands. Thus, growth hormone is the correct answer as it directly links the pituitary gland to broader endocrine function and influence.