Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between stress and the immune system?

The relationship between stress and the immune system is well-supported by research, indicating that stress can lead to a weakened immune response. When an individual experiences stress, particularly chronic stress, the body undergoes various physiological changes, primarily due to the release of stress hormones such as cortisol. Elevated levels of cortisol can suppress the effectiveness of the immune system by inhibiting the production and function of immune cells, such as lymphocytes, and by reducing the body’s inflammatory response.

This suppression can result in a decreased ability to fend off infections and may lead to a higher susceptibility to illness. Additionally, research suggests that long-term exposure to stress can also lead to more serious health issues, including autoimmune disorders and a higher risk of chronic diseases due to the compromised immune response.

In contrast, options suggesting that stress enhances immune function or has no effect on it are inconsistent with empirical evidence, and the idea that stress makes the immune system overly reactive oversimplifies and misrepresents the complexities of how stress influences immune health. Overall, the understanding of this relationship is crucial for recognizing the importance of managing stress for maintaining overall health and well-being.